![]() All rights reserved, this image is not included under the Creative Commons licence for the article. The perfume bottle and the clock were drawn by the authors. ( D) In the retrieval session, the memory of the episodes was tested using an odor-recognition task followed for the ‘Yes’ trials by an episodic memory retrieval task. The last day, they underwent a retrieval session and filled in a final questionnaire (Final Q.). In the morning they fill in a questionnaire about dream content (Q. During the night at home, they woke up at 5 am and at their usual waking time to record their dreams with a voice recorder (Dream report). During the encoding, the participants discovered one episode per day (during 7 min) over 3 days. ![]() ( C) The temporal course of the encoding and retrieval sessions. days of the assessment, and interruptions due to sickne ss), 2). ( B) Photo showing the experimental setup with the breathing apparatus (copyright holder: Partick Minary, INSERM). sleep variables if 1) the actimeter was remov ed for > 3 h (in 22.2 of all data including first and last. The odors were presented when clicking in the yellow circles added on the pictures. ( A) Drawings of the 3 visuo-spatial contexts (drawings of the pictures used were made by Salomé Blain, the original pictures can be seen in Saive et al. Our results support the hypothesis that the learning phase is loosely incorporated into dreams and that this incorporation is associated with sleep related memory consolidation.Įxperimental task. However, they had significantly better visuo-spatial memory of the episodes in comparison to the other participants. On the 4 th day, we found that participants with learning-related (n = 16) and participants with learning-related and/or experiment-related dreams (n = 21) had similar odor recognition and odor-evoked episodic memory with the other participants. A total of 120 dreams were reported and elements related to the encoding phase were identified in 37 of them, either learning-related (mainly visual- and rarely olfactory-related elements), or experiment-related (lab- or experimenters-related elements). During the nights following each non-explicit encoding, participants wore a wrist actimeter, and woke up at 5am and their usual waking time to record their dreams (intensity of all oneiric sensory perception was assessed using scales). Thirty-two high dream recallers freely explored new visuo-olfactory episodes for 3 consecutive days. The Panlab Infrared (IR) Actimeter represent an ideal tool for assessing locomotor activity and exploration in rodents. After a comprehensive review of the literature, we present novel findings from an experiment testing whether the incorporation of recently learned stimuli into dream reports is associated with improved post-sleep memory performance. The question of a possible link between dream content and memory consolidation remains open.
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